ASTM D413-98 pdf download.Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property—Adhesion to Flexible Substrate.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are used to ensure the quality of a product by determining the force per unit width required to separate a rubber layer from a flexible substrate such as fabric, fibre, wire, or sheet metal. The acceptable value of adhesion measured will, of course, vary from product to product due to different rubber formulations, flexible substrates, and types of products. However, once a product is established, minimum values of separation force can be determined and agreed to by producer and consumer and both can monitor to assure maintenance of the agreed-upon minimum value. STATIC-MASS METHOD
5. Apparatus
5.1 The apparatus required for the adhesion test by the static-mass test method consists of a supporting frame, testing clamps, mandrels, calibrated masses, and mass carriers. The supporting frame is of such design that clamps for strip specimens hang on it vertically and that mandrels for ring specimens are supported on it horizontally. The frame has sufficient height to permit the mass carrier to be suspended from the test specimens by means of clamps and to hang freely during the progress of the test. Provision also is made to support the mandrels so that they revolve freely with minimum friction. Suitable apparatus is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 Strip Specimens—Type A—Plane strips having a width of 25 + 3, − 0 mm (1 + 0.125, − 0 in.), and a minimum length such as to permit 180° peel separation over sufficient distance to indicate the adhesion value.
6.1.1 Cut the specimen to 25 + 3, − 0 mm (1 + 0.125 − 0 in.) wide. The thickness will vary according to the construction of the article being tested. The maximum thickness of the specimen is limited to 13 mm (0.5 in.). To comply with this requirement, slice or buff the specimen. The ply or layer being separated should never be over 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) thick.
6.1.2 Cut the specimen from the article in such a manner that the adhered parts have the same width where practicable. The technique used in 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 may be applied here. When necessary, or specified, cut only the layer to be separated (by application of load) to the prescribed width. In such cases, remove the portions of that layer remaining outside of the test width to avoid edge constriction during separation.
6.1.3 Curved specimens for test in strip form shall have curvature only in the length dimension of the specimen.
6.2 Strip Specimens—Type B—The same as Type A, with the exception of 90° peel and the separation line in the center of the specimen.
6.2.1 Cut the specimen 35 mm (1 3 ⁄ 8 in.) wide. Remove the excess plies to obtain a thickness of6 mm ( 1 ⁄ 4 in.) and leave the separation line in the center of the specimen to ensure a 90° peel. 6.2.2 Buff to a width of 30 mm (1 1 ⁄ 8 in.) with a coarse grit emery cloth (grit No. 40) with care to prevent burning or gumming the sides of the specimen.
6.2.3 Make a 2-mm ( 1 ⁄ 16 -in.) deep slit with a knife along each side exactly where the specimen is to be separated during testing. Use a knife with an adjustable blade where only the desired depth of cut (2 mm) of blade is exposed.
6.3 Ring Specimens—Closed rings having a width of25 mm (1 in.) and maximum internal diameter of 100 mm (4 in.).
6.3.1 Mount the article on a smooth, close-fitting, slightly tapered wooden mandrel. 6.3.2 Rotate the mandrel (a lathe is preferred) and cut 25-mm (1-in.) wide ring sections by forcing a sharp pointed knife gradually through the article.
6.3.3 Cut rings with internal diameters over 100 mm (4 in.) through and open to form strip specimens.ASTM D413 pdf download.