ANSI AIIM TR26:2000 pdf download.Resolution as it Relates to Photographic andI Electronic lmaging.
Resolution became an important image quality factor centuries ago when optical systems were first used to look at the stars. It was used to measure an optical system’s ability to separate two closely spaced objects (e.g., stars). It was thought that if images of these objects were separated, then the information they conveyed to an observer would not be ambiguous. Since then, resolution has proven to be a useful tool for evaluating the image quality performance of imaging hardware and media. Electronic image management (ElM) applications have begun to refer to the term resolution as the sampling interval of a scanner or the addressable points on a display or printer. Therefore, the ElM definition may be half or less than expected when using the definition for classical resolution.
1.2 Purpose
The combined use of photographic and electronic technologies in today’s imaging systems has made the use and interpretation of the term resolution complex. In order for resolution to effectively maintain its past utility, a basic understanding of resolution and its various interpretations is required. This technical report helps clarify the difference in the use of the term resolution in photographic and digital systems.
2 References
All standards, reports, and publications are subject to revision. When the following documents are superseded by an approved revision, that revision may apply.
ANSI/AIIM MS23-1 998, Recommended practice — Production, inspection, and quality assurance of first- generation, silver micro forms of documents
ANSI/ISO 3334-1991 (ANSI/AIIM MS5I-1 991), Micrographics — ISO resolution test chart no. 2 — Description and use
2.1 Referenced publications
ANSI/AIIM TR2-1998, Technical report for information and image management — Glossary of document technologies
3 Definitions
The following definitions apply to terms that appear in this technical report. Additional terms are defined in
ANSI/AIIM TR2.
3.1 American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): American National Standard Binary-coding scheme consisting of 128 eight-bit patterns (7-bits plus a parity check bit) for printable characters and control of equipment functions.
3.2 Aperture: (1) Rectangular opening in an aperture card that is specifically designed to hold a chip of microfilm of a specified size. (2) In an optical system, an opening through which light can pass.
3.3 Charge-coupled device: Semiconductor that can collect, store and move charges in packets.
NOTE: An imaging charge-couple device responds to light and provides electrical signals. Synonymous with CCD.
3.4 Compression: See Data compression, 3.6.
3.5 Contrast: Expression of the relationship between the high and low brightness of a subject or between the high and low density of a photographic image.
3.6 Data compression: Conversion of a digital image to a lower number of bits for storage.
Example: A series of Os or is could be counted and replaced with a code that represents the number of Os or is in that position.
3.7 Data decompression: The regeneration of a bit-map from a compressed representation.
3.8 Decompression: See Data decompression, 3.7.
3.9 Digital: Use of binary code to record information. “Information” can be text in binary code, e.g., ASCII, images in a bit-mapped form or sound in a sampled digital form of video.
NOTE: Recording information digitally has many advantages over its analog counterpart, mainly ease in manipulation and accuracy in transmission.
3.10 Electronic image management (ElM): Techniques associated with recording, storing, retrieving, and transmitting documents by electronic means. Also called electronic imaging.
3.11 Enhancement: Technique for processing an image so that the result is visually clearer than the original image.
3.12 Focus: (1) Plane in which rays of light reflected from subject converge to form a sharp image after passing through different parts of a lens. (2) To adjust the relative positions of the lens and film or light detector to obtain the sharpest possible image.ANSI AIIM TR26 pdf download.