ANSI HPS N13.49:2001 pdf download.Performance and Documentation of Radiological Surveys.
Radiological surveys are performed by making in situ measurements of radiation and radioactivity and by collecting media samples for subsequent radiological analyses by a measurement system in the field or laboratory. This standard addresses the specific measurement and sampling tasks that compose a radiological survey, such as air sampling, surface activity measurements, dose and exposure rate measurements. The documentation of surveys includes the use of consistent nomenclature and units for records and a standardized methodology for calculating minimum detectable concentration levels. The standard is not intended to replace existing requirements for design or strategies for performing specific radiological surveys, e.g., final status or compliance demonstration surveys for remediated sites, and operational surveys to demonstrate radiological control. This standard identifies the survey tasks used in most radiological surveys, and provides details on how these survey tasks are performed and documented. The information provided in this standard is intended to be used in the development of procedures for the various radiological survey programs. This standard is not intended for external/internal dosimetry programs nor to replace requirements already established for environmental monitoring surveys or radioactivity determinations.
2.0 Definitions
The following terms are of a restricted nature for the purposes of this standard. Terms defined in N1.1-1976 (ANS-9) and in the American National Standard Glossary of Terms in American Nuclear Society (1986) are not defined in this standard. A word or term requiring a more precise definition is redefined in this section even though it was included in one of the aforementioned references.
2.1 Specific Word Usage
The word “shall” is used to denote a requirement; the word “should” is used to denote a recommendation; and the word “may” is used to denote permission, neither a requirement nor a recommendation. To conform to this standard, all survey activities and documentation shall be performed in accordance with its requirements, but not necessarily with its recommendations.
2.2 Specific Terms
As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA):
An approach to radiological safety to manage and control exposures to levels that are as low as reasonable, considering social, technical, and economical factors.
Background radiation: Radiation from naturally occurring radioactive materials which have not been technologically enhanced (i.e., not increased by or as a result of past or present human practices above levels encountered in the natural state, such as that from oil and gas production pipe scale and phosphate industry wastes, cosmic and cosmogenic sources, global fallout, and consumer products containing nominal amounts of radioactive material.)
Background reference area: A geographical soil area or structure surface area (i.e., building construction material) from which background radiation levels and radionuclide concentrations in soil can be obtained and used for comparison to the radiation and radioactivity measurements performed in areas being surveyed. The distribution and concentration of radiation levels and radionuclide concentrations in the background reference area should be the same as that for the surveyed area (site) if that site had never been contaminated.ANSI HPS N13.49 pdf download.